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- Eqn Solver V 1.0
-
- by
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- John Ogden
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- 1994
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- User Manual
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- Contents
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- Introduction
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- 1) How to Change Equations
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- 2) Main Menu
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- 3) Interial Bisection
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- 4) Decimal Search
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- 5) Newton Raphson
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- 6) Iterative method
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- 7) The Grapher
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- 8) The setup Page
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- 9) How the methods work
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- 10) Future Versions
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- Introduction
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- Eqn Solver is a handy little program, written in Amos Professional, used for
- solving complicated equations that can not be solved in the usual way or
- those which would take much too long to solve in the normal way (you can't be
- bothered to do it properly in other words), it does not solve simultaneous
- equations.
- example.
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- Sin x - Ln x + ( Cot x * Cosec x ) + 2 = 0
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- Would be a real pain to solve using mathematical theory, if you don't believe
- me try it, Eqn Solver will solve just about any equation that has real roots,
- it does not however find imaginary roots, YET.
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- Eqn solver will also display a pretty picture of the graph of the equation.
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- Note: Eqn solver may not get the EXACT root, it will only get a pretty good
- estimate of the root.
-
- This program can be used when doing coursework for pure maths module three,
- if numerical methods are on your A level syllabus.
- Eqn solver can use any one of four algorithms to solve the equations these
- are :
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- Interial bisection
- Decimal Search
- Newton Raphson
- Iterative method.
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- 1) How to change the equation
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- To change an equation you will need to edit the actual program, at this time
- this is un avoidable, sorry for any problems in doing this.
- 1) Look through the program for the _EQN[X#] procedure, open this if it is
- closed by pressing F9.
- 2) Chose which equation you wish to alter, there are four as a default.
- 3) Delete everthing on the line after Def Fn F (X#) =
- 4) Type in your equation in here.
- 5) In the _DYDX[X#] procedure change the same equation number as you altered in
- step 3 and type in the differential of your new equation.
- 6) In the _XEQUALS[X#] procedure change the same equation, but this time enter
- what X equals in the function.
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- 2) Main Menu
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- To select an option press the option's number and then press the return key,
- for example to chose option number 3 press the key with 3 printed on it then
- press the big grey key with the arrow on it, do not type the word three to
- find out what the option number is look at the number next to the options
- name, it is the same.
- Spooky! What a coincidence! I bet it's aliens who did that !
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- 3) Interial Bisection
- This method is similar to the decimal search, except it works in base two not
- 10.
- First you must enter the number of itterations you require, you can use any
- number between 1 and 28, arround 10 is usually enough.
- You must then enter the two X values, one at each side of the root you are
- trying to find, if you are not sure which values to chose you should check
- the graph of the equation.
- The program now checks to see if there is a root between the two points, if
- there is, the results will be displayed, if not you will be told and asked if
- you want to try again.
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- 4) Decimal Search
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- First the program asks how many itterations (decimal places) you require,
- type in the number, you will then be asked for the x position to start the
- search. The program then displays the results.
- Each decimal place will be displayed seperatley, to go on to the next place
- press any key.
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- 5) Newton Raphson
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- You will be asked for the number of itterations you require, and then for the
- start X position, the program then displays the results.
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- 6) Iterative method
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- You are asked for the number of itterations you require, then for the start x
- position, the results are then displayed.
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- 7) The Grapher
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- The graph menu has 6 options to configure the graph to your needs, these are
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- X scale The number of pixels in the graph per unit of the X axis
- Y scale The number of pixels in the graph per unit of the Y axis
- X line Along the X axis there are lines that tell you the scale this
- tells the program how often to put them use 0 for no lines
- Y line Same as X line except along the Y axis
- X axis Tells the grapher where the X axis is, the default is 0.
- Y axis Tells the program where the y axis is, default is 0
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- Once the graph is drawn you can zoom in by fifty percent by pressing the I
- key, To zoom out press the O key.
- To save the graph as a 2 colour interlaced hires iff picture press the s key
- To scroll arround the graph use the arrow keys.
- To leave the graph screen press the escape key
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- 8) The setup Page
- This lets you change the values of everything, and where the text files are
- saved,
- Load and save let you load and save the setup in a text file.
- Equation type is used to switch between the equations
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- 9) How the Methods work
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- How the methods work - Interial bisection
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- 1) This method inputs two initial values of x, it is presumed that you know
- that the is a root between the two points.
- 2) The mid point of these two values is then found.
- 3) These three values are then put into then equation you are trying solve.
- 4) The program then checks if the root is between the first x value and the
- mid point, or between the mid point and the second x value.
- 5) If it is between the first and the mid point, then the second x value is
- made equal to the mid point, and we go back to stage 3, if not the root must
- be between the mid point and the second x value, so the first x value is made
- equal to the mid point and you go back to stage 3.
- 6) When you think that you have a good enough estimate of the root, you stop
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- How the methods work - Decimal search
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- 1) This method inputs an initial X value, it then adds one to this value
- until the value of the equation changes sign, one is then taken from the
- equation.
- 2) 0.1 is then added to the X value until the value of the equation changes
- sign.
- 3) 0.01 is added and so on until you have a good enough estimate of the root.
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- How the methods work - Newton raphson
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- This method was thought of by Isaac Newton and somebody called Raphson
- To understand how it works you need to understand how to differentiate
- equations, if you don't, then use another method or ask someone to explain
- how, basically it is a way of finding the gradient of a line,
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- 1) The method works by finding the equation of the tangent at point X.
- 2) You then find where this line cuts the X axis.
- 3) This point is your new X value, and you go back to stage 1
- 4) You repeat this as many times as you feel is needed.
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- Here is a short table of common differentials.
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------
- | Expression | Differentiates to |
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
- | | |
- | X squared | 2 times X |
- | X cubed | 3 times X squared |
- | A * X to the N | A * N * X to the N-1 |
- | Sin X | Cos X |
- | Cos X | -Sin X |
- | Tan X | Sec squared X |
- | Ln X | 1/X |
- | e to the X | e to the X |
- | Sin X over X squared | ( X * Cos X - 2 * Sin X ) / X Cubed |
- | Any number | 0 |
- | | |
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
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- How the methods work - Iterative method
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- For this method you need to define another function, G of X to do this re-
- arrange your initial equation to find an expression for X equals.
- 1) You input a value of X.
- 2) This value is put into G of X,
- 3) The value that is returned is put back into G of X
- 4) You repeat this process until you have a good estimate or get bored
- Note: this method usually diverges away from the root into infinity
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- 10 Future Additions
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- A system where the user does not have to look through the program, and
- manually define each function, this could be in the form of a mouse driven
- calculator like device, but I don't know how to turn a string into a
- function. If anybody does I would like to know how, please let me know, you
- will get a mention in this manual if you do!
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- The above Idea could be extended so that the user does not have to manually
- differentiate the equation.
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- The setup page should really display the current equation and not the
- equations number
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- Direct printer support added
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- A GUI needs adding to make the interface more user friendly, and slower and
- more complicated to use.
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- This manual should have been written in amiga guide format, but it isn't.
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- The method of putting the interval lines on the graphs axis needs improving.
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- A little program could be added that hacks into the banks computer and
- credits the user's account with around £ 1,000,000,000, and is completely un-
- traceble except if John Major is using it, in which case if phones the police
- man or woman that is always standing outside his front door and around 50
- reporters from various paper and television companies, then invites them all
- in for a quick coffee. Any ideas how to do this ?
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- If you have any comments, bug reports (and preferably fixes) or you know how
- to turn strings into functions or you want to donate huge amounts of money to
- me let me know at
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- John Ogden
- 68 Babylon Lane
- Anderton
- Chorley
- Lancashire
- England
- PR6 9NW
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